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Walter Lippmann

Walter Lippmann
Walter Lippmann was an American writer, reporter, and political commentator famous for being among the first to introduce the concept of Cold War, coining the term “stereotype” in the modern psychological meaning, and critiquing media and democracy in his newspaper column and several books, most notably his 1922 book Public Opinion.More at Wikipedia

“That the manufacture of consent is capable of great refinements no one, I think, denies. The process by which public opinions arise is certainly no less intricate than it has appeared in these pages, and the opportunities for manipulation open to anyone who understands the process are plain enough. . . . [a]s a result of psychological research, coupled with the modern means of communication, the practice of democracy has turned a corner. A revolution is taking place, infinitely more significant than any shifting of economic power…. Under the impact of propaganda, not necessarily in the sinister meaning of the word alone, the old constants of our thinking have become variables. It is no longer possible, for example, to believe in the original dogma of democracy; that the knowledge needed for the management of human affairs comes up spontaneously from the human heart. Where we act on that theory we expose ourselves to self-deception, and to forms of persuasion that we cannot verify. It has been demonstrated that we cannot rely upon intuition, conscience, or the accidents of casual opinion if we are to deal with the world beyond our reach. …  The public must be put in its place, so that each of us may live free of the trampling and roar of a bewildered herd.” (Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion, Chapter XV)

  • Lippmann, W. (1920). Liberty and the News. Museum.
  • Lippmann, W. (1970). The Phantom Public. Politics.

Lippmann, W.. (1970). The Phantom Public. Politics

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/00150190600716804
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Schudson, M.. (2008). The “Lippmann-Dewey Debate” and the Invention of Walter Lippmann as an Anti-Democrat 1986–1996. International Journal of Communication

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1159/000111495
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Obar, J. A.. (2013). Big Data and The Phantom Public: Walter Lippmann and the Fallacy of Data Privacy Self-Management. SSRN

doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2239188

Bybee, C.. (1999). Can Democracy Survive in the Post-Factual Age?: A Return to the Lippmann-Dewey Debate about the Politics of News. Journalism and Communication Monographs

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/152263799900100103
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Lippmann, W.. (1987). The Cold War. Foreign Affairs

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Lippmann, W.. (1955). Essays in the Public Philosophy. Mentor books

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
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Lippmann, W.. (1920). Liberty and the News. Museum

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
DOI URL
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Newman, L. S.. (2009). WAS WALTER LIPPMANN INTERESTED IN STEREOTYPING?: Public Opinion and Cognitive Social Psychology. History of Psychology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1037/a0015230
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