IBM: Computerised crimes against humanity

Leave a comment

See also: Edwin Black – IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America’s Most Powerful Corporation (2002)

***

In December 2023, IBM released Quatum System 2

***

Version 1

***

Benthams Panopticon

 


Further References

  • Arendt, Hannah, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, New York:Viking Penguin, Inc., 1963; Penguin Books, 1965.
  • Armanski, Gerhard, Maschinen des Terrors: Das Lager (KZ und GULAG) in der Moderne. Munster: Verlag Westfalisches Dampfboot, 1993.
  • Austrian, Geoffrey D. Herman Hollerith: Forgotten Giant of Information Processing. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.
  • Baumgartner, Andreas. Die vergessenen Frauen von Mauthausen: Die weiblichen Haftlinge des Konzentrationslagers Mauthausen und ihre Geschichte. Wien: Verlag Osterreich, 1997.
  • Barker, Kenneth, ed. The NIV Study Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1995.
  • Belden, Thomas Graham and Marva Robins Belden. The Lengthening Shadow: The Life of Thomas J. Watson. Boston: Litde, Brown and Company, 1962.
  • Berenbaum, Michael. The World Must Know. Boston: Litde, Brown and Company, 1993.
  • Black, Edwin. The Transfer Agreement: The Dramatic Story of the Pact Between the Third Reich and Jewish Palestine. New York: Macmillan, 1984; Chicago: Dialog Press, 1999.
  • Borkin, Joseph. The Crime and Punishment of I.G. Farben. New York: The Free Press, 1978.
  • Bradsher, Greg, comp. Holocaust-Era Assets: A Finding Aid to Records at the National Archives at College Park, Maryland. National Archives and Records Administration, 1999.
  • Breitman, Richard. Official Secrets: What the Nazis Planned, What the British and Americans Knew. New York: Hill and Wang, 1998.
  • Browning, Christopher R. The Path to Genocide: Essays on Launching the Final Solution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
  • Brynen, Rex. Sanctuary and Survival: The PLO in Lebanon. Boulder: Westview Press, 1990.
  • Burleigh, Michael. Death and Deliverance: ‘Euthanasia’ in Germany,’ 1900-1945. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • Carmille, Robert. Des Apparences A La Realite: Mise au Point, Le “Fichier Juif”: Rapport de la Commission presidee par Rene Remond au Premier Ministre, 1996.
  • Centre Historique des Archives Nationales. Inventaire des Archives du Commissariat General aux Questions Juives et du Service de Restitution des Biens des Victimes des Lois et Mesures de Spoliation. Paris: Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, 1998.
  • Choldin, Harvey M. Looking for the Last Percent: The Controversy Over Census Undercounts. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1994.
  • Clements, Bruce. From Ice Set Free: The Story of Otto Kiep. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1972.
  • Connolly, James. History of Computing in Europe. IBM World Trade Corporation, circa 1967.
  • Cortada, James W Before the Computer: IBM, NCR, Burroughs, and Remington Rand and the Industry They Created, 1865-1956. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
  • Dassbach, Carl H. A. Global Enterprises and the World Economy: Ford General Motors, and IBM, the Emergence of the Transnational Enterprise. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1989.
  • De Jong, L. Het Koninkrijk in de Tweede Wereldoorlog Vol. 3: Mai 1940, ‘s Gravenhage, 1970.
  • De Jong, L. Holland Fights the Nazis. London: Lindsay Drummon.
  • Encyclopaedia Judaica. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, 1972.
  • van den Ende, Jan, Knopen, kaarten en chips: De geschiedenis van de automatisering bij het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Amsterdam, 1991.
  • Engelbourg, Saul. International Business Machines: A Business History. Arno Press, 1976.
  • Erwich, B. and J.G.S.J. van Maarseveen, eds., Een eeuw statistieken: Historisch-Methodologische schetsen van de Nederlandse officiële statistieken in de Twintigste eeuw, Amsterdam, 1999.
  • Fein, Helen. Accounting for Genocide: National Responses and Jewish Victimization During the Holocaust. New York: The Free Press, 1979.
  • Ferencz, Benjamin B. Less Than Slaves: Jewish Forced Labor and the Quest for Compensation. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979.
  • Foy, Nancy, The Sun Never Sets on IBM, New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1975.
  • Flint, Charles R. Memories of an Active Life: Men, and Ships, and Sealing Wax, New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1923.
  • Friedlander, Henry. The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995.
  • Friedlander, Saul. Nazi Germany and the Jews. Volume 1: The Years of Persecution. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.
  • Garr, Doug. Lou Gerstner and the Business Turnaround of the Decade. New York: HarperCollins 1999.
  • Gilbert, Martin. The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985.
  • Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah. Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996; Vintage Books, 1997.
  • Gutman, Israel. Resistance: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994.
  • Gutman, Yisrael and Michael Berenbaum, eds. Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1994; published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C.
  • Haft, Cynthia J. The Bargain and the Bridle: The General Union of the Israelites of France, 1941-1944. Chicago: Dialog Press, 1983.
  • Herzberg, Abel J. Between Two Streams: A Diary from Bergen-Belsen. Translated by Jack Santcross. New York: IB. Tauris.
  • Hilberg, Raul, ed. Documents of Destruction: Germany and Jewry 1933-1945. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, Inc., 1971.
  • Hilberg, Raul. The Destruction of the European Jews. New York: Quadrangle Books, Inc., 1961; Harper Colophon Books, 1979;
  • Hilberg, Raul, Stanislaw Staron, and Josef Kermisz, eds. The Warsaw Diary of Adam Czerniakow; Prelude to Doom. Translated by Stanislaw Staron and the staff of Yad Vashem. New York: Stein and Day, 1979.
  • Hirschfeld, Gerhard. Nazi Rule and Dutch Collaboration: The Netherlands Under German Occupation, 1940-1945. Translated by Louise Willmot. New York: Berg, 1988.
  • Hoess, Rudolf. Commandant of Auschwitz: The Autobiography of Rudolf Hoess. Translated by Constantine FitzGibbon. New York: Popular Library, 1959.
  • Ioanid, Radu. The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime, 1940-1944. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2000.
  • Jagendorf, Siegried. Jagendorf’s Foundry: A Memoir of the Romanian Holocaust, 1941-1944. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.
  • Kahn, Annette. Le Fichier. Paris: Robert Laffont, S.A., 1993.
  • Katsh, Abraham I., ed. and translator. Scroll of Agony: The Warsaw Diary of Chaim A. Kaplan. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1965.
  • Katsh, Abraham I., ed. and translator. The Warsaw Diary of Chaim A. Kaplan. New York: Collier Books, 1973.
  • Kermish, Joseph, ed. To Live With Honor and Die With Honor: Selected Documents from the Warsaw Ghetto Underground Archives “O.S.” [“Oneg Skabbath”] Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1986.
  • Klee, Ernst. “Euthanasie” im NS-Staat: Die “Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens.” Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag GmbH 1999.
  • Kleine Chronik der IBM Deutschland, IBM Corporation, 1993.
  • Kolb, Eberhard. Bergen-Belsen: From “Detention Camp” to Concentration Camp, 1943-1945. Translated by Gregory Claeys and Christine Lattek. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1985, 1986.
  • Krausnick, Helmut, Hans Buchheim, Martin Broszat, and Hans-Adolf Jacobsen. Anatomy of the SS State. Translated by Richard Barry, Marian Jackson, and Dorothy Long. New York: Walker and Company, 1968.
  • von Lang, Jochen, ed. Eichmann Interrogated: Transcripts from the Archives of the Israeli Police. Translated by Ralph Manheim. New York: Farrar. Straus and Giroux, 1983.
  • Lewin, Abraham. A Cup of Tears: A Diary of the Warsaw Ghetto. New York: Free Press, 1988.
  • Lifton, Robert Jay. The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1986.
  • Linden, Michael. IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America’s Most Powerful Corporation. New York: Crown Publishers, 2001.
  • Littman, Sol. IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America’s Most Powerful Corporation. Watson Publishing International, 2002.
  • Lochner, Louis P. What About Germany? New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1942.
  • Löwenthal, Richard. Report from Berlin. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1948.
  • Lüthy, Herbert. Der Weltkonzern IBM: Eine Unternehmensgeschichte. Berlin: Verlag Chemie, 1985.
  • McFee, Inez N., ed. IBM World Trade Corporation: World Trade Corporation Facts. IBM Corporation, 1970.
  • Medoff, Rafael. Militant Zionism in America: The Rise and Impact of the Jabotinsky Movement in the United States, 1926-1948. University of Alabama Press, 2002.
  • Mendelsohn, John and Donald G. Schilling. The IBM 360/67 and CP/CMS: Introduction and Availability of a Time Sharing System. Watson Research Center, IBM Corporation, 1967.
  • Miczek, Eva. At the Mercy of Strangers: Growing Up on the Edge of the Holocaust. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1998.
  • Minco, Marga. Het Bittere Kruid. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1957.
  • Moeller van den Bruck, Arthur. Das Dritte Reich. Hamburg: Verlag Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, 1931.

Neuromodulation techniques: A synoptic overview

Leave a comment

Peter, N., & Kleinjung, T.. (2019). Neuromodulation for tinnitus treatment: an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques. Journal of Zhejiang University: Science B

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1700117
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Fomenko, A., Neudorfer, C., Dallapiazza, R. F., Kalia, S. K., & Lozano, A. M.. (2018). Low-intensity ultrasound neuromodulation: An overview of mechanisms and emerging human applications. Brain Stimulation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.08.013
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Brock, D. G., & Demitrack, M. A.. (2014). Therapeutic neuromodulation: Overview of a novel treatment platform. Psychiatric Annals

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20140609-04
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Gunduz, A., & Ruffini, G.. (2018). Editorial overview: Neuromodulation. Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.12.001
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Pathak, Y. J., Greenleaf, W., Verhagen Metman, L., Kubben, P., Sarma, S., Pepin, B., … Ross, E.. (2021). Digital Health Integration With Neuromodulation Therapies: The Future of Patient-Centric Innovation in Neuromodulation. Frontiers in Digital Health

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.618959
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Velasco, F.. (2000). Neuromodulation: An overview. Archives of Medical Research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/S0188-4409(00)00063-1
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Tanagho, E. A.. (2012). Neuromodulation and neurostimulation: Overview and future potential. Translational Andrology and Urology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2012.01.01
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Kulkarni, S., & Kothari, S.. (2020). Pediatric Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation: An Overview. In Neurology India

Plain numerical DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.302474
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Roy, H., Offiah, I., & Dua, A.. (2018). Neuromodulation for pelvic and urogenital pain. Brain Sciences

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8100180
DOI URL
directSciHub download

N., P., & T., K.. (2019). Neuromodulation for tinnitus treatment: an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques. Journal of Zhejiang University: Science B
McCormick, D. A., & Nusbaum, M. P.. (2014). Editorial overview: Neuromodulation: Tuning the properties of neurons, networks and behavior. Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.10.010
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Yu, K., Niu, X., & He, B.. (2020). Neuromodulation Management of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in the Central Nervous System. Advanced Functional Materials

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201908999
DOI URL
directSciHub download

(2019). An overview on Neuromodulation. Case Medical Research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.31525/cmr-fbd972
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Vanneste, S., & De Ridder, D.. (2012). Noninvasive and invasive neuromodulation for the treatment of tinnitus: An overview. Neuromodulation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2012.00447.x
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Waldron, N. H., Fudim, M., Mathew, J. P., & Piccini, J. P.. (2019). Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Heart Rhythm Disorders. JACC: Basic to Translational Science

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.02.009
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Luigjes, J., Breteler, R., Vanneste, S., & de Ridder, D.. (2013). [Neuromodulation as an intervention for addiction: overview and future prospects].. Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie
Brunoni, A. R., Teng, C. T., Correa, C., Imamura, M., Brasil-Neto, J. P., Boechat, R., … Fregni, F.. (2010). Neuromodulation approaches for the treatment of major depression: Challenges and recommendations from a working group meeting. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282×2010000300021
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Antony, A. B., Mazzola, A. J., Dhaliwal, G. S., & Hunter, C. W.. (2019). Neurostimulation for the treatment of chronic head and facial pain: A literature review. Pain Physician

Plain numerical DOI: 10.36076/ppj/2019.22.447
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Schluter, R. S., Daams, J. G., Van Holst, R. J., & Goudriaan, A. E.. (2018). Effects of non-invasive neuromodulation on executive and other cognitive functions in addictive disorders: A systematic review. Frontiers in Neuroscience

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00642
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Hunter, C. W., Stovall, B., Chen, G., Carlson, J., & Levy, R.. (2018). Anatomy, pathophysiology and interventional therapies for chronic pelvic pain: A review. Pain Physician

Plain numerical DOI: 10.36076/ppj.2018.2.147
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Powell, K., Shah, K., Hao, C., Wu, Y.-C., John, A., Narayan, R. K., & Li, C.. (2019). Neuromodulation as a new avenue for resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock. Bioelectronic Medicine

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1186/s42234-019-0033-z
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Fletcher, N.. (2020). An overview of sacral neuromodulation: A treatment for patients with symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction. British Journal of Nursing

Plain numerical DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.15.848
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Shin, S. S., & Pelled, G.. (2017). Novel neuromodulation techniques to assess interhemispheric communication in neural injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Frontiers in Neural Circuits

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00015
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Abboud, H., Hill, E., Siddiqui, J., Serra, A., & Walter, B.. (2017). Neuromodulation in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/1352458517736150
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Tohyama, S., Walker, M. R., Sammartino, F., Krishna, V., & Hodaie, M.. (2020). The Utility of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Neuromodulation: Moving Beyond Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neuromodulation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/ner.13107
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Lakatos, P., Gross, J., & Thut, G.. (2019). A New Unifying Account of the Roles of Neuronal Entrainment. Current Biology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.075
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Vlaicu, A., & Bustuchina Vlaicu, M.. (2020). New neuromodulation techniques for treatment resistant depression. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1728340
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Yang, X., McGlynn, E., Das, R., Paşca, S. P., Cui, B., & Heidari, H.. (2021). Nanotechnology Enables Novel Modalities for Neuromodulation. Advanced Materials

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103208
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Ramirez-Zamora, A., Giordano, J. J., Gunduz, A., Brown, P., Sanchez, J. C., Foote, K. D., … Okun, M. S.. (2018). Evolving applications, technological challenges and future opportunities in neuromodulation: Proceedings of the fifth annual deep brain stimulation think tank. Frontiers in Neuroscience

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00734
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Goudriaan, A. E., & Schluter, R. S.. (2019). Non-invasive Neuromodulation in Problem Gambling: What Are the Odds?. Current Addiction Reports

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00266-y
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Elias, G. J. B., Boutet, A., Parmar, R., Wong, E. H. Y., Germann, J., Loh, A., … Bhat, V.. (2021). Neuromodulatory treatments for psychiatric disease: A comprehensive survey of the clinical trial landscape. Brain Stimulation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.08.021
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Doshi, P. P., Russo, M., & Doshi, P. K.. (2021). Practice Trends of Neuromodulation Therapies for Pain and Spasticity in India. Neuromodulation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/ner.13393
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Ward, M., Doran, J., Paskhover, B., & Mammis, A.. (2018). The 50 Most Cited Articles in Invasive Neuromodulation. World Neurosurgery

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.02.170
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Starling, A.. (2018). Noninvasive neuromodulation in migraine and cluster headache. Current Opinion in Neurology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000557
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Senova, S., Fomenko, A., Gondard, E., & Lozano, A. M.. (2020). Anatomy and function of the fornix in the context of its potential as a therapeutic target. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322375
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Doesborg, P., & Haan, J.. (2018). Cluster headache: New targets and options for treatment. F1000Research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13380.1
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Gardner, J.. (2017). Securing a future for responsible neuromodulation in children: The importance of maintaining a broad clinical gaze. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.04.019
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Crockett, M. J., & Fehr, E.. (2014). Social brains on drugs: Tools for neuromodulation in social neuroscience. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst113
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Edwards, C. A., Kouzani, A., Lee, K. H., & Ross, E. K.. (2017). Neurostimulation Devices for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders. Mayo Clinic Proceedings

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.05.005
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Rimmele, F., & Jürgens, T. P.. (2020). Neuromodulation in primary headaches: current evidence and integration into clinical practice. Current Opinion in Neurology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000820
DOI URL
directSciHub download

La Rosa, V. L., Platania, A., Ciebiera, M., Garzon, S., Jȩdra, R., Ponta, M., & Buttice, S.. (2019). A comparison of sacral neuromodulation vs. transvaginal electrical stimulation for the treatment of refractory overactive bladder: The impact on quality of life, body image, sexual function, and emotional well-being. Przeglad Menopauzalny

Plain numerical DOI: 10.5114/pm.2019.86834
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Pericolini, M., Miget, G., Hentzen, C., Finazzi Agrò, E., Chesnel, C., Lagnau, P., … Amarenco, G.. (2021). Cortical, Spinal, Sacral, and Peripheral Neuromodulations as Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Review. Neuromodulation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/ner.13525
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Pauwels, N., Willemse, C., Hellemans, S., Komen, N., Van den Broeck, S., Roenen, J., … De Schepper, H.. (2021). The role of neuromodulation in chronic functional constipation: A systematic review. Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica

Plain numerical DOI: 10.51821/84.3.012
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Azad, T. D., Veeravagu, A., & Steinberg, G. K.. (2016). Neurorestoration after stroke. Neurosurgical Focus

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3171/2016.2.FOCUS15637
DOI URL
directSciHub download

de Wall, L. L., & Heesakkers, J. P. F. A.. (2017). Effectiveness of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome. Research and Reports in Urology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.2147/RRU.S124981
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Ramirez-Zamora, A., Giordano, J., Boyden, E. S., Gradinaru, V., Gunduz, A., Starr, P. A., … Okun, M. S.. (2019). Proceedings of the Sixth Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank Modulation of Brain Networks and Application of Advanced Neuroimaging, Neurophysiology, and Optogenetics. In Frontiers in Neuroscience

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00936
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Klooster, D. C. W., de Louw, A. J. A., Aldenkamp, A. P., Besseling, R. M. H., Mestrom, R. M. C., Carrette, S., … Boon, P.. (2016). Technical aspects of neurostimulation: Focus on equipment, electric field modeling, and stimulation protocols. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.016
DOI URL
directSciHub download

De Ridder, D., Manning, P., Cape, G., Vanneste, S., Langguth, B., & Glue, P.. (2016). Pathophysiology-Based Neuromodulation for Addictions: An Overview. In Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800213-1.00002-X
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Lo, P. A., Huang, K., Zhou, Q., Humayun, M. S., & Yue, L.. (2020). Ultrasonic retinal neuromodulation and acoustic retinal prosthesis. Micromachines

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3390/mi11100929
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Krauss, J. K., Lipsman, N., Aziz, T., Boutet, A., Brown, P., Chang, J. W., … Lozano, A. M.. (2021). Technology of deep brain stimulation: current status and future directions. Nature Reviews Neurology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-00426-z
DOI URL
directSciHub download

S., V., & D., D. R.. (2012). Noninvasive and invasive neuromodulation for the treatment of tinnitus: An overview. Neuromodulation
Kaczmarek, K. A.. (2017). The Portable Neuromodulation Stimulator (PoNS) for neurorehabilitation. Scientia Iranica

Plain numerical DOI: 10.24200/sci.2017.4489
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Somani, A., & Kar, S. K.. (2019). Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: The evidence thus far. General Psychiatry

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2019-100074
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Meng, Y., Hynynen, K., & Lipsman, N.. (2021). Applications of focused ultrasound in the brain: from thermoablation to drug delivery. Nature Reviews Neurology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-00418-z
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Coman, A., Skårderud, F., Reas, D. L., & Hofmann, B. M.. (2014). The ethics of neuromodulation for anorexia nervosa: A focus on rTMS. Journal of Eating Disorders

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1186/2050-2974-2-10
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Herremans, S. C., & Baeken, C.. (2017). Clinical effects of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in substance use disorder: An overview. Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie
Tyler, W. J.. (2011). Noninvasive neuromodulation with ultrasound? A continuum mechanics hypothesis. Neuroscientist

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/1073858409348066
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Yamamoto, K., Elias, G. J. B., Beyn, M. E., Zemmar, A., Loh, A., Sarica, C., … Lozano, A. M.. (2021). Neuromodulation for Pain: A Comprehensive Survey and Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Connectomic Analysis of Brain Targets. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1159/000517873
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Hennessey, D. B., Hoag, N., & Gani, J.. (2017). Impact of bladder dysfunction in the management of post radical prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence-a review. Translational Andrology and Urology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.04.14
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Urits, I., Schwartz, R., Smoots, D., Koop, L., Veeravelli, S., Orhurhu, V., … Viswanath, O.. (2020). Peripheral neuromodulation for the management of headache. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

Plain numerical DOI: 10.5812/aapm.110515
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Robbins, M. S., & Burch, R.. (2021). Preventive Migraine Treatment. CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000957
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Ahmed, A. I., & Lucas, J. D.. (2020). Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology and strategies for regeneration. Orthopaedics and Trauma

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.mporth.2020.06.003
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Argiolas, A., & Melis, M. R.. (1995). Neuromodulation of penile erection: an overview of the role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Progress in Neurobiology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/0301-0082(95)80003-Q
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Mohammad, S. S., Paget, S. P., & Dale, R. C.. (2019). Current therapies and therapeutic decision making for childhood-onset movement disorders. Movement Disorders

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1002/mds.27661
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Rajan, R., Skorvanek, M., Magocova, V., Siddiqui, J., Alsinaidi, O., Shinawi, H., … Bajwa, J.. (2020). Neuromodulation Options and Patient Selection for Parkinson’s Disease. In Neurology India

Plain numerical DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.302473
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Dean, O. M., Gliddon, E., Van Rheenen, T. E., Giorlando, F., Davidson, S. K., Kaur, M., … Williams, L. J.. (2018). An update on adjunctive treatment options for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12601
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Moisset, X., Lanteri-Minet, M., & Fontaine, D.. (2020). Neurostimulation methods in the treatment of chronic pain. Journal of Neural Transmission

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02092-y
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Erőss, L., Entz, L., & Fabó, D.. (2015). Invasive neuromodulation in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsies. Orvosi Hetilap

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1556/650.2015.30319
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Ashina, M., Buse, D. C., Ashina, H., Pozo-Rosich, P., Peres, M. F. P., Lee, M. J., … Dodick, D. W.. (2021). Migraine: integrated approaches to clinical management and emerging treatments. The Lancet

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32342-4
DOI URL
directSciHub download

All, A. H., Zeng, X., Teh, D. B. L., Yi, Z., Prasad, A., Ishizuka, T., … Liu, X.. (2019). Expanding the Toolbox of Upconversion Nanoparticles for In Vivo Optogenetics and Neuromodulation. Advanced Materials

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803474
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Fandel, T., & Tanagho, E. A.. (2005). Neuromodulation in voiding dysfunction: A historical overview of neurostimulation and its application. Urologic Clinics of North America

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2004.09.006
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Zbar, A. P.. (2014). Sacral neuromodulation and peripheral nerve stimulation in patients with anal incontinence: An overview of techniques, complications and troubleshooting. Gastroenterology Report

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gou015
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Karri, J., Singh, M., Orhurhu, V., Joshi, M., & Abd-Elsayed, A.. (2020). Pain Syndromes Secondary to Cluneal Nerve Entrapment. Current Pain and Headache Reports

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-00891-7
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Fekete, Z., Horváth, C., & Zátonyi, A.. (2020). Infrared neuromodulation:A neuroengineering perspective. Journal of Neural Engineering

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abb3b2
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Zhu, A., Qureshi, A. A., Kozin, E. D., & Lee, D. J.. (2020). Concepts in Neural Stimulation: Electrical and Optical Modulation of the Auditory Pathways. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2019.09.002
DOI URL
directSciHub download

LeBeau, F. E. N., El Manira, A., & Griller, S.. (2005). Tuning the network: Modulation of neuronal microcircuits in the spinal cord and hippocampus. Trends in Neurosciences

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2005.08.005
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Cha, K. S., Yeo, D., & Kim, K. H.. (2016). Neural signal processing for closed-loop neuromodulation. Biomedical Engineering Letters

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s13534-016-0231-5
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Hoffmann, J., & May, A.. (2019). Neuromodulation for the treatment of primary headache syndromes. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1585243
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Martens, F. M. J., & Sievert, K. D.. (2020). Neurostimulation in neurogenic patients. Current Opinion in Urology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000773
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Harmsen, I. E., Elias, G. J. B., Beyn, M. E., Boutet, A., Pancholi, A., Germann, J., … Lozano, A. M.. (2020). Clinical trials for deep brain stimulation: Current state of affairs. Brain Stimulation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.11.008
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Chen, Y., Tang, T., & Erdek, M. A.. (2019). Advanced Image-Guided Procedures for Painful Spine. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2019.07.005
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Mishra, S., Kumar, A., Padmanabhan, P., & Gulyás, B.. (2021). Neurophysiological correlates of cognition as revealed by virtual reality: Delving the brain with a synergistic approach. Brain Sciences

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010051
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Christen, M., & Müller, S.. (2017). Editorial: The Clinical and Ethical Practice of Neuromodulation – Deep Brain Stimulation and Beyond. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2017.00032
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Stakenborg, N., & Boeckxstaens, G. E.. (2021). Bioelectronics in the brain-gut axis: Focus on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). International Immunology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab014
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Serrano-Munoz, D., Taylor, J., Megia-Garcia, A., & Gomez-Soriano, J.. (2019). Neuromodulation for neurorehabilitation of motor disorders for stroke and spinal cord injury: An overview. Neuromodulation
Civelli, O.. (2012). Orphan GPCRs and Neuromodulation. Neuron

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.009
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Wagner, T., Valero-Cabre, A., & Pascual-Leone, A.. (2007). Noninvasive human brain stimulation. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.061206.133100
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Cho, Y., Park, J., Lee, C., & Lee, S.. (2020). Recent progress on peripheral neural interface technology towards bioelectronic medicine. Bioelectronic Medicine

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1186/s42234-020-00059-z
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Linster, C.. (2014). Neuromodulation: Overview. In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_787-1
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Lakatos, P., Gross, J., & Thut, G.. (2019). Review A New Unifying Account of the Roles of Neuronal. Current Biology
Bartoli, F., Burnstock, G., Crocamo, C., & Carrà, G.. (2020). Purinergic signaling and related biomarkers in depression. Brain Sciences

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030160
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Fellous, J. M., & Linster, C.. (1998). Computational Models of Neuromodulation. Neural Computation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1162/089976698300017476
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Chaudhry, S. R., Stadlbauer, A., Buchfelder, M., & Kinfe, T. M.. (2021). Melatonin moderates the triangle of chronic pain, sleep architecture and immunometabolic traffic. Biomedicines

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080984
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Konofagou, E.. (2018). Focused ultrasound for modulation of the central and peripheral nervous system. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1121/1.5035647
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Byron, N., Semenova, A., & Sakata, S.. (2021). Mutual interactions between brain states and Alzheimer’s disease pathology: A focus on gamma and slow oscillations. Biology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3390/biology10080707
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Kohan, L., McKenna, C., & Irwin, A.. (2020). Ilioinguinal Neuropathy. Current Pain and Headache Reports

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-0833-6
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Chen, S. P., & Ayata, C.. (2017). Novel Therapeutic Targets Against Spreading Depression. Headache

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/head.13154
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Ekhtiari, H., Tavakoli, H., Addolorato, G., Baeken, C., Bonci, A., Campanella, S., … Hanlon, C. A.. (2019). Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (tES and TMS) for addiction medicine: A consensus paper on the present state of the science and the road ahead. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.007
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Fridén, J., House, J., Keith, M., Schibli, S., & van Zyl, N.. (2021). Improving hand function after spinal cord injury. Journal of Hand Surgery: European Volume

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/17531934211027460
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Anderson, N. D., & Craik, F. I. M.. (2017). 50 years of cognitive aging theory. Journals of Gerontology – Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw108
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Inattentional blindness: The 5G rollout and its ramifications

Leave a comment

This post is under construction…

 

Daniel J simon, C. F. C. (1999). Gorilla in our midst – reference. Gorillas in Our Midst: Sustained, Inattentional Blindness for Dynamic Events – Perception.
Simons, D. J. (2010).
Monkeying around with the Gorillas in Our Midst: Familiarity with an Inattentional-Blindness Task Does Not Improve the Detection of Unexpected Events. I-Perception, 1(1), 3–6. doi.org/10.1068/i03865

5G map: www.nperf.com/de/map/5g
5G has been developed by the US/Israeli military as a weapon to disperse crowds (directed energy beams which are harmful to biological organisms). It has been used twice during the illegal Irak-war. There are virtually no studies about the safety of 5G and it can be regarded as a social experiment without consensus and control-group. The 60Ghz frequency interferes with oxygen absorption of hemoglobin.

Tretyakov, M. Y., Koshelev, M. A., Dorovskikh, V. V., Makarov, D. S., & Rosenkranz, P. W. (2005). 60-GHz oxygen band: precise broadening and central frequencies of fine-structure lines, absolute absorption profile at atmospheric pressure, and revision of mixing coefficients. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, 231(1), 1–14. doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2004.11.011


Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psycho-civilized Society by José M. R. Delgado. Publication date 1969

archive.org/details/PhysicalControlOfTheMindJosM.R.Delgado1969

Electronic technology has reached a high level of sophistication,
and two-way radio commJ’nication with automobiles, airplanes,
and outer space vehicles is commonplace today. The
notable lag in development of similar instrumentation for communciation with the depth of the brain reflects the already
mentioned unbalanced evolution of our technological civilization,
which seems more interested in accumulating power than
in understanding and influencing the basic mechanisms of the
human mind.
This gap is now being filled, and as Figures 4 and 5 show, it
is already possible to equip animals or human beings with
minute instruments called “stimoceivers” for radio transmission
and reception of electrical messages to and from the brain in
completely unrestrained subjects. Microminiaturization of the
instrument’s electronic components permits control of all parameters of excitation for radio stimulation of three different points
within the brain and also telemetric recording of three channels
of intracerebral electrical activity. In animals, the stimoceiver
may be anchored to the skull, and different members of a colony
can be studied without disturbing their spontaneous relations
within a group. Behavior such as aggression can be evoked or
inhibited. In patients, the stimoceiver may be strapped to the
head bandage, permitting electrical stimulation and monitoring
of intracerebral activity without disturbing spontaneous activities.

The etymological root of the term “Archon”

Leave a comment

How strangely will the Tools of a Tyrant pervert the plain Meaning of Words!
— Samuel Adams

Archon (Greek: ἄρχων, romanized: árchōn) is the Greek term for “ruler”. Cognate derivatives are, e.g., terms such as:

  • monarchy
  • dyarchy
  • hierarchy
  • patriarchy/matriarchy
  • gynarchy
  • autarchy
  • anarchy (etymology discussed subsequently in more detail)

According to Aristotle’s Constitution of the Athenians (78-c. 100), the power and influence of the king first devolved to the archons, and these offices were filled from the aristocracy by elections on a decennial basis.

Archon Eponymos was the primary magistrate, the Polemarch referred to the head of the armed forces, and the Archon Basileus was in charge of the religious aspects of society.
Various fraternities and sororities use the title of archon or variations on it. Some Gnostic sects used this term for demons associated with the planetspheres.

3-D computer rendering of an “archon”

The term anarchy is the negation of the term archon (i.e., the negatory prefix *a). It thus means “without a ruler/master”, i.e., human beings that do not accept a master and who do not allow others to rule over them (they are not slaves to anyone). Importantly, this derivation should not be confused with “chaos or without rules”. Anarchy simply is the negation of slavery.

Niemand ist mehr Sklave, als der sich für frei hält, ohne es zu sein. ‘
~ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
(Transl.: None are more hopelessly enslaved than those who falsely believe they are free.)

Human beings who are anarchists are thus literally beings that do not accept to be ruled by archons, i.e., they are free and cannot be ruled and suppressed by external forces (they only subordinate themselves to natural law, viz., the timeless universal metaphysical foundation of morality and ethics; cf. the Kantian categorical imperative).

Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.
— Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals (1785)

Fulltext: archive.org/details/groundingformet000kant

In this context a quotation by the freedom fighter Malcolm X is of great pertinence.
He asked the following quintessential question concerning the highest of all virtues:

What is the price of freedom?

Answer
Death.

P.S. This does not imply that one has to die to be free, but it means that one has to be willing to risk once own life for the greatest of all goods, viz., the ultimate expression of human potential: Absolute Freedom.
If one is not willing to go “all in” one has lost the quest for freedom a priori because one is not willing to risk what it takes to achieve it. Fear is the inhibitor of freedom. Death is the mother of all fears. Ergo, overcoming the irrational fear of death is a condicio sine qua non for the obtainment of superordinate transcendental values.

Non-cooperation with evil is a sacred duty.
~ Mahatma Gandhi

Freedom comes with wisdom, intrinsically. They are inseparable, and no society wants people to be free. The communist society, the fascist society, the capitalist society, the Hindu, the Mohammedan, the Christian – no society likes people to use their own intelligence because the moment they start using their intelligence they become dangerous – dangerous to the establishment, dangerous to the people who are in power, dangerous to the “haves”; dangerous to all kinds of oppression, exploitation, suppression; dangerous to the churches, dangerous to the states, dangerous to the nations.

In fact, a wise man is afire, alive, aflame. He would like rather to die than to be enslaved. Death will not matter much to him, but he cannot sell his life to all kinds of stupidities, to all kinds of stupid people. He cannot serve them. Hence, the societies down the ages have been supplying you with false knowing. That’s the very function of your schools, colleges, universities.

They don’t serve you, remember, they serve the past, they serve the vested interests. Of course, they go on puffing your ego up bigger and bigger, they go on giving you more and more degrees. Your name becomes longer and longer, but only the name – you go on becoming shorter and shorter. A point comes where there are only certificates and the man has disappeared. First the man carries the certificates, then the certificates carry the man. The man is long dead.
~Osho

Google’s Whitepaper on the “fight” of disinformation

Leave a comment

George Lakoff could write a book on the “conceptual metaphor” employed in the title of the whitepaper. George Orwell is turning in his grave (the “digital algorithmic ministry of truth”).

Here are the “three foundational pillars” of the whitepaper (expressis verbis):

  • Improve our products so they continue to make quality count;
  • Counteract malicious actors seeking to spread disinformation;
  • Give people context about the information they see.

PDF: storage.googleapis.com/gweb-uniblog-publish-prod/documents/How_Google_Fights_Disinformation.pdf
URLs: blog.google/around-the-globe/google-europe/fighting-disinformation-across-our-products/
www.securityconference.de


Further References

Lakoff, G.. (2014). Metaphor and War: The Metaphor System Used to Justify War in the Gulf. Cognitive Semiotics

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1515/cogsem.2009.4.2.5
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Steuter, E., & Wills, D.. (2008). At war with metaphor. Nueva York: Rowman and …

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-4
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Thibodeau, P. H., Hendricks, R. K., & Boroditsky, L.. (2017). How Linguistic Metaphor Scaffolds Reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.07.001
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Hülsse, R., & Spencer, A.. (2008). The metaphor of terror: Terrorism studies and the constructivist turn. Security Dialogue

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/0967010608098210
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Ferrari, F.. (2007). Metaphor at work in the analysis of political discourse: Investigating a “preventive war” persuasion strategy. Discourse and Society

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/0957926507079737
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Thibodeau, P., Mcclelland, J. L., & Boroditsky, L.. (2009). When a bad metaphor may not be a victimless crime : The role of metaphor in social policy. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.1070.0713
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Spencer, A.. (2012). The social construction of terrorism: Media, metaphors and policy implications. Journal of International Relations and Development

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1057/jird.2012.4
DOI URL
directSciHub download

At war with metaphor: media, propaganda, and racism in the war on terror. (2013). Choice Reviews Online

Plain numerical DOI: 10.5860/choice.46-3669
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Kövecses, Z.. (2016). Conceptual metaphor theory. In The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language

Plain numerical DOI: 10.4324/9781315672953
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Navaro-Yashin, Y.. (2009). Affective spaces, melancholic objects: Ruination and the production of anthropological knowledge. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9655.2008.01527.x
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Koller, V., Hardie, A., Rayson, P., & Semino, E.. (2008). Using a semantic annotation tool for the analysis of metaphor in discourse. Metaphorik.De
Yanık, L. K.. (2009). The Metamorphosis of Metaphors of Vision: “Bridging” Turkey’s Location, Role and Identity After the End of the Cold War. Geopolitics

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/14650040802693515
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Studies on the financial power élite: Behind the façade of democracy

Leave a comment
Davies, W.. (2017). Elite Power under Advanced Neoliberalism. Theory, Culture and Society

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/0263276417715072
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Foster, J. B., & Holleman, H.. (2014). The Financial Power Elite. Monthly Review

Plain numerical DOI: 10.14452/mr-062-01-2010-05_1
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Hoskin, K. W., & Macve, R. H.. (1986). Accounting and the examination: A genealogy of disciplinary power. Accounting, Organizations and Society

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/0361-3682(86)90027-9
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Froud, J., Johal, S., Moran, M., & Williams, K.. (2017). Outsourcing the State: New Sources of Elite Power. Theory, Culture and Society

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/0263276417717791
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Seabrooke, L.. (2009). The Social Sources of Financial Power: Domestic Legitimacy and International Financial Orders. Economic Geography

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/j.1944-8287.2008.tb00397.x
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Davis, A.. (2000). Public relations, business news and the reproduction of corporate elite power. Journalism

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/146488490000100301
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Boswell, R.. (2005). Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power. Global Studies in Culture and Power

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/1070289X.1994.9962492
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Abbink, J., & Salverda, T.. (2012). The anthropology of elites: Power, culture, and the complexities of distinction. The Anthropology of Elites: Power, Culture, and the Complexities of Distinction

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1057/9781137290557
DOI URL
directSciHub download

J. Edgar Hoover on “monstrous conspiracy and morality”

Leave a comment

The individual comes face-to-face with a conspiracy so monstrous he cannot believe it exists. The American mind has not come to a realisation of the evil which has been introduced into our midst. It rejects even the assumption that human creatures could espouse a philosophy which must ultimately destroy all that is good and decent.

 

When morals decline and good men do nothing, evil flourishes. A society unwilling to learn from past is doomed. We must never forget our history.

John Edgar Hoover was an American law enforcement administrator and the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States. He was appointed as the director of the Bureau of Investigation – the FBI’s predecessor – in 1924 and was instrumental in founding the FBI in 1935, where he remained director until his death in 1972 at the age of 77

The Impact of Science on Society – Bertrand Russell

Leave a comment 
Take first the question of food and population. At present 
the population of the globe is increasing at the rate of about 
20 millions a year. Most of this increase is in Russia and 
Southeast Asia. The population of Western Europe and 
the United States is nearly stationary. Meanwhile, the food 
supply of the world as a whole threatens to diminish, as a 
result of unwise methods of cultivation and destruction of 
forests. This is an explosive situation. Left to itself, it must 
lead to a food shortage and thence to a world war. Technique, 
however, makes other issues possible. 

Vital statistics in the West are dominated by medicine 
and birth control: the one diminishes the deaths, the other 
the births. The result is that the average age in the West 
increases: there is a smaller percentage of young people and 
a larger percentage of old people. Some people consider that 
this must have unfortunate results, but speaking as an old 
person, I am not sure. 

The danger of a world shortage of food may be averted 
for a time by improvements in the technique of agriculture. 
But, if population continues to increase at the present rate, 
such improvements cannot long suffice. There will then be 
two groups, one poor with an increasing population, the 
other rich with a stationary population. Such a situation can 
hardly fail to lead to world war. If there is not to be an 
endless succession of wars, population will have to become 
stationary throughout the world, and this will probably have 
to be done, in many countries, as a result of governmental 
measures. This will require an extension of scientific tech- 
nique into very intimate matters. There are, however, two 
other possibilities. War may become so destructive that, at 
any rate for a time, there is no danger of overpopulation; or 
the scientific nations may be defeated and anarchy may de- 
stroy scientific technique. 

Biology is likely to affect human life through the study of 
heredity. Without science, men have changed domestic 
animals and food plants enormously in advantageous ways. 
It may be assumed that they will change them much more, 
and much more quickly, by bringing the science of genetics 
to bear. Perhaps, even, it may become possible artificially to 
induce desirable mutations in genes. (Hitherto the only muta- 
tions that can be artificially caused are neutral or harmful.) 
In any case, it is pretty certain that scientific technique will 
very soon effect great improvements in the animals and 
plants that are useful to man. 

When such methods of modifying the congenital character 
of animals and plants have been pursued long enough to make 
their success obvious, it is probable that there will be a 
powerful movement for applying scientific methods to human 
propagation. There would at first be strong religious and 
emotional obstacles to the adoption of such a policy. But sup- 
pose (say) Russia were able to overcome these obstacles 
and to breed a race stronger, more intelligent, and more 
resistant to disease than any race of men that has hitherto 
existed, and suppose the other nations perceived that unless 
they followed suit they would be defeated in war, then either 
the other nations would voluntarily forgo their prejudices, or, 
after defeat, they would be compelled to forgo them. Any 
scientific technique, however beastly, is bound to spread if 
it is useful in war— until such time as men decide that they have 
had enough of war and will henceforth live in peace. As 
that day does not seem to be at hand, scientific breeding of 
human beings must be expected to come about. I shall return 
to this subject in a later chapter. 

Physiology and psychology afford fields for scientific tech- 
nique which still await development. Two great men, Pavlov 
and Freud, have laid the foundation. I do not accept the view 
that they are in any essential conflict, but what structure 
will be built on their foundations is still in doubt. 

I think the subject which will be of most importance polit- 
ically is mass psychology. Mass psychology is, scientifically 
speaking, not a very advanced study, and so far its professors 
have not been in universities: they have been advertisers, 
politicians, and, above all, dictators. This study is immensely 
useful to practical men, whether they wish to become rich 
or to acquire the government. It is, of course, as a science, 
founded upon individual psychology, but hitherto it has 
employed rule-of-thumb methods which were based upon a 
kind of intuitive common sense. Its importance has been 
enormously increased by the growth of modern methods of 
propaganda. Of these the most influential is what is called 
"education." Religion plays a part, though a diminishing one; 
the press, the cinema, and the radio play an increasing part. 

What is essential in mass psychology is the art of per- 
suasion. If you compare a speech of Hitler's with a speech of 
(say) Edmund Burke, you will see what strides have been 
made in the art since the eighteenth century. What went 
wrong formerly was that people had read in books that man 
is a rational animal, and framed their arguments on this 
hypothesis. We now know that limelight and a brass band 
do more to persuade than can be done by the most elegant 
train of syllogisms. It may be hoped that in time anybody will 
be able to persuade anybody of anything if he can catch 
the patient young and is provided by the State with money 
and equipment.

Social Identity Theory and the influence of music on identity-formation

Leave a comment

Social identity is the portion of an individual’s self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.

Social identity theory (SIT) is described as a theory that predicts certain intergroup behaviours on the basis of perceived group status differences, the perceived legitimacy and stability of those status differences, and the perceived ability to move from one group to another. This contrasts with occasions where the term “social identity theory” is used to refer to general theorizing about human social selves. Moreover, and although some researchers have treated it as such, social identity theory was never intended to be a general theory of social categorization. It was awareness of the limited scope of social identity theory that led John Turner and colleagues to develop a cousin theory in the form of self-categorization theory, which built on the insights of social identity theory to produce a more general account of self and group processes. The term social identity approach, or social identity perspective, is suggested for describing the joint contributions of both social identity theory and self-categorization theory. Social identity theory suggests that an organization (or any other group-membership) can change individual behaviors if it can modify their self-identity or part of their self-concept that derives from the knowledge of, and emotional attachment to the group.
Music has significant effects on social identity. Already Aristotle and Plato argued that the “harmonics of music effect the harmony within society”. Today’s music industry (which is highly centralized) exerts powerful influences on society, especially on children and adolescents. The effects of today’s mainstream music on social identity are extremely worrisome (to say the least). The systematic (large scale) manipulation of social identities is an important tool of social engineering (cf. Adorno/Frankfurter school). Unfortunately there are almost no protective mechanisms in place which could prevent vulnerable populations from “weaponized music“. Music can be effectively utilized to destabilize society (via social identity) and it is thus a tool of psychological warfare, for instance, via systematic demoralization (violence, aggression, sexual promiscuity, ego-reinforcement, importance of money/materialistic thinking, etc.). Statistical research has demonstrated significant correlations between music and various detrimental behaviours (drug use, violence, promiscuity, etc.) and psychopathology. Music can be used to induce trance and manipulate basal unconscious processes. From a “mental hygiene” point of view the conclusion is clear: Be careful what enters your ears because it will effect your (unconscious) mind and your social identity (in analogy to the effects of unhealthy food intake and physical health). However, vice versa the flip-side holds also true: Music can be used to elevate the mind and foster moral and ethical behaviour (viz., harmony and virtues). However, this is clearly NOT happening.


Further References

Brown, R.. (2000). Social identity theory: past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(6), 745–778.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1002/1099-0992(200011/12)30:6<745::AID-EJSP24>3.0.CO;2-O
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Burke, P. J., & Stets, J. E.. (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3102/0013189X0629800
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Calhoun, C.. (1994). Social theory and the politics of identity. Social Psychology Quarterly
Castells, M., Himanen, P., Castells, M., & Himanen, P.. (2011). The Power of Identity. In The Information Society and the Welfare State

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199256990.003.0006
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Ellemers, N., & Haslam, S. A.. (2012). Social Identity Theory. In Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (pp. 379–398). 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications Ltd

Plain numerical DOI: 10.4135/9781446249222.n45
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Hogg, M. A.. (2016). Social Identity Theory. In Understanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory: Contemporary Global Perspectives

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29869-6_1
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Hogg, M. A., Terry, D. J., & White, K. M.. (1995). A Tale of Two Theories: A Critical Comparison of Identity Theory with Social Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58(4), 255.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.2307/2787127
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Holzapfel, S. D., Bosch, P. R., Lee, C. D., Pohl, P. S., Szeto, M., Heyer, B., & Ringenbach, S. D.. (2019). Acute Effects of Assisted Cycling Therapy on Post-Stroke Motor Function: A Pilot Study. Rehabilitation Research and Practice, 2019, 1–10.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1155/2019/9028714
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Hornsey, M. J.. (2008). Social Identity Theory and Self-categorization Theory: A Historical Review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00066.x
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Huddy, L.. (2001). From social to political identity: A critical examination of social identity theory. Political Psychology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/0162-895X.00230
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Major, B., & O’Brien, L. T.. (2005). The Social Psychology of Stigma. Annual Review of Psychology, 56(1), 393–421.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070137
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Somers, M. R.. (1994). The narrative constitution of identity: A relational and network approach. Theory and Society, 23(5), 605–649.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/BF00992905
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J.. (2006). Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly

Plain numerical DOI: 10.2307/2695870
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C.. (2004). The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior. In Political Psychology (pp. 276–293). Psychology Press

Plain numerical DOI: 10.4324/9780203505984-16
DOI URL
directSciHub download

Analysis of the personality of Adolph Hitler

Leave a comment

Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

Author: Henry A. Murray, M. D.
Print Source:Nuremberg, Germany: International Military Tribunal, 1943-10-00
Publication Info: Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Law Library
hitler