The idea behind the panopticon is that you never know whether you are watched or not. It’s thus primarily a psychological prison which works because the surveillance mechanism is internalized and does not have to be constantly reinforced externally.

Argus Panoptes – a giant with multiple eyes is a character in Greek mythology.

Unbeknownst to many Bentham (who was involved in the slave trade, as was Adam Smith) wrote an essay in favor of pederasty (i.e., the homosexual relationship between an adult male and a pubescent or adolescent male.) www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eresources/exhibitions/sw25/bentham/index.html

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    Further References

    Bentham, J.. (2012). The panopticon. In Offenders or Citizens? Readings in Rehabilitation

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.4324/9780203722855
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    Elden, S.. (2003). Plague, panopticon, police. Surveillance and Society

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    Mathiesen, T.. (1997). The Viewer Society: Michel Foucault’s ‘Panopticon’ Revisited. Theoretical Criminology

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/1362480697001002003
    DOI URL
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    Caluya, G.. (2010). The post-panoptic society? Reassessing foucault in surveillance studies. Social Identities

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/13504630.2010.509565
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    Koskela, H.. (2003). ‘Cam Era’ – the contemporary urban panopticon. Surveillance and Society

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.24908/ss.v1i3.3342
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    Lyon, D.. (2006). Theorizing surveillance: The panopticon and beyond. Theorizing Surveillance: The Panopticon and Beyond

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.4324/9781843926818
    DOI URL
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    Spears, R., & Lea, M.. (1994). Panacea or Panopticon?: The Hidden Power in Computer-Mediated Communication. Communication Research

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/009365094021004001
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    Karpf, D.. (2010). Macaca moments reconsidered: Electoral panopticon or Netroots Mobilization?. Journal of Information Technology and Politics

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/19331681003748891
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    Boyne, R.. (2000). Post-panopticism. Economy and Society

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/030851400360505
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    Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J.. (2013). The pseudo-panopticon: The illusion created by CSR-related transparency and the internet. Corporate Communications

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.1108/13563281311319490
    DOI URL
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    Bentham, J.. (1791). Panopticon or the inspection house. Postscript

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    Bentham, J.. (1995). Panopticon. In The Panopticon writings

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    D. Haggerty, Richard V. Ericson, K.. (2000). The surveillant assemblage. British Journal of Sociology

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/00071310020015280
    DOI URL
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    Philo, C., Parr, H., & Burns, N.. (2017). The rural panopticon. Journal of Rural Studies

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.08.007
    DOI URL
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    Dueck, G.. (2006). Panopticon. Informatik-Spektrum

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s00287-006-0116-6
    DOI URL
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    Bain, P., & Taylor, P.. (2000). Entrapped by the “electronic panopticon”? Worker resistance in the call centre. New Technology, Work and Employment

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/1468-005X.00061
    DOI URL
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    Mitrou, L., Kandias, M., Stavrou, V., & Gritzalis, D.. (2014). Social media profiling: A Panopticon or Omniopticon tool?. Proc. of the 6th Conference of the Surveillance Studies Network

    Plain numerical DOI: 10.1038/nature03044
    DOI URL
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