Parapsychology: CIA testing Uri Geller

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The CIA was very interested in various methods to manipulate and exploit the human mind. Besides illegal experiments which involved psychotropic drugs and torture, they were also interested in parapsychology as the document at hand shows.
The objective of this group of experimental sessions was to verify Geller’s apparent paranormal perception under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of understanding the physical and psychological variables underlying such ability.

Cognitive dispossession

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Further References

Bublitz, J.-C.. (2013). My Mind Is Mine!? Cognitive Liberty as a Legal Concept (pp. 233–264). Springer, Dordrecht

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6253-4_19
DOI URL
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The Analects of Confucius

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 “Cultivated persons seek harmony but not sameness.”
~ Confucius  (Analects 13. 23).

Harmony (和)

Confucian value of harmony:

子曰：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和。”
See uwaterloo.ca/community-and-professional-education/blog/post/confucian-values-and-characters-series-harmony



Further References

Waley, A.. (2012). The analects of confucius. The Analects of Confucius

Plain numerical DOI: 10.4324/9780203715246
DOI URL
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Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont, J.. (1999). The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. Classics of Ancient China

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.012329
DOI URL
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Tan, C.. (2015). Beyond Rote-Memorisation: Confucius’ Concept of Thinking. Educational Philosophy and Theory

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2013.879693
DOI URL
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Woods, P. R., & Lamond, D. A.. (2011). What Would Confucius Do? – Confucian Ethics and Self-Regulation in Management. Journal of Business Ethics

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s10551-011-0838-5
DOI URL
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Confucius, & Lau, D. C.. (1979). The analects (Lun yü). Penguin classics.
Chen, P., Tolmie, A. K., & Wang, H.. (2016). Growing the critical thinking of schoolchildren in Taiwan using the Analects of Confucius. International Journal of Educational Research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.ijer.2017.02.002
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Brooks, E. B., & Brooks, A. T.. (1997). The Original Analects: Sayings of Confucius and His Successors. Translations from the Asian Classics
Li, C. C. N.-D. dur fil pau pau global china maig 07 encomanat F. abril 2008. (2007). An Introduction to Chinese Philosophy: From Ancient Philosophy to Chinese Buddhism – By JeeLoo Liu. Journal of Chinese Philosophy

Plain numerical DOI: doi:10.1111/j.1540-6253.2007.00432.x
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Sim, M.. (2013). CONFUCIAN VALUES AND HUMAN RIGHTS. The Review of Metaphysics
Kim, H. K.. (2003). Critical Thinking, Learning and Confucius: A Positive Assessment. Journal of Philosophy of Education

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/1467-9752.3701005
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Hasebe, Y.. (2003). Constitutional borrowing and political theory. International Journal of Constitutional Law

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1093/icon/1.2.224
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Cheang, A. W.. (2000). The master’s voice: On reading, translating and interpreting the analects of confucius. Review of Politics

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1017/S0034670500041693
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Romar, E. J.. (2004). Managerial harmony: The Confucian ethics of Peter F. Drucker. In Journal of Business Ethics

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1023/B:BUSI.0000033613.11761.7b
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The “Straw man fallacy”

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A straw man is a common form of argument and is an informal fallacy based on giving the impression of refuting an opponent’s argument, while actually refuting an argument that was not presented by that opponent. One who engages in this fallacy is said to be “attacking a straw man.”


Further References

Eemeren, F. H. Van, Amsterdam, F. V., & Walton, D.. (1996). The straw man fallacy. Logic and Argumentation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139600187
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Talisse, R., & Aikin, S. F.. (2006). Two forms of the Straw Man. Argumentation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s10503-006-9017-8
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Lewiński, M.. (2011). Towards a Critique-Friendly Approach to the Straw Man Fallacy Evaluation. Argumentation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s10503-011-9227-6
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Lewiński, M., & Oswald, S.. (2013). When and how do we deal with straw men? A normative and cognitive pragmatic account. Journal of Pragmatics

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2013.05.001
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Ika, L. A.. (2018). Beneficial or Detrimental Ignorance: The Straw Man Fallacy of Flyvbjerg’s Test of Hirschman’s Hiding Hand. World Development

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.10.016
DOI URL
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Macagno, F., & Damele, G.. (2013). The dialogical force of implicit premises: Presumptions in enthymemes. Informal Logic

Plain numerical DOI: 10.22329/il.v33i3.3679
DOI URL
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Change blindness

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Change blindness is a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a change in a visual stimulus is introduced and the observer does not notice it. For example, observers often fail to notice major differences introduced into an image while it flickers off and on again.


Further References

Kentridge, R. W.. (2015). Change Blindness. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.51024-1
DOI URL
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Simons, D. J., & Rensink, R. A.. (2005). Change blindness: Past, present, and future. Trends in Cognitive Sciences

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2004.11.006
DOI URL
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Masuda, T., & Nisbett, R. E.. (2006). Culture and change blindness. Cognitive Science

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1207/s15516709cog0000_63
DOI URL
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Simons, D. J.. (2000). Current approaches to change blindness. Visual Cognition

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/135062800394658
DOI URL
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Rensink, R. A.. (2010). Attention: Change Blindness and Inattentional Blindness. In Encyclopedia of Consciousness

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/B978-012373873-8.00006-2
DOI URL
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Beck, D. M., Rees, G., Frith, C. D., & Lavie, N.. (2001). Neural correlates of change detection and change blindness. Nature Neuroscience

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1038/88477
DOI URL
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Levin, D. T., Momen, N., Drivdahl, S. B., & Simons, D. J.. (2000). Change blindness blindness: The metacognitive error of overestimating change-detection ability. Visual Cognition

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/135062800394865
DOI URL
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Cavanaugh, J.. (2004). Subcortical Modulation of Attention Counters Change Blindness. Journal of Neuroscience

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3724-04.2004
DOI URL
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Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F.. (1999). Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events. Perception

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1068/p281059
DOI URL
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Simons, D. J., & Ambinder, M. S.. (2005). Change blindness: Theory and consequences. Current Directions in Psychological Science

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00332.x
DOI URL
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Galpin, A., Underwood, G., & Crundall, D.. (2009). Change blindness in driving scenes. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2008.11.002
DOI URL
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Simons, D. J., Chabris, C. F., Schnur, T., & Levin, D. T.. (2002). Evidence for preserved representations in change blindness. Consciousness and Cognition

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1006/ccog.2001.0533
DOI URL
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JOHANSSON, P., HALL, L., & SIKSTRÖM, S.. (2008). FROM CHANGE BLINDNESS TO CHOICE BLINDNESS. PSYCHOLOGIA

Plain numerical DOI: 10.2117/psysoc.2008.142
DOI URL
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(WHO), W. H. O.. (1972). Change the Definition of Blindness. World Health Organization

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1958-9
DOI URL
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O’Regan, J. K., Rensink, R. A., & Clark, J. J.. (1999). Change-blindness as a result of “mudsplashes”. Nature

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1038/17953
DOI URL
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Landman, R., Spekreijse, H., & Lamme, V. A. F.. (2003). Large capacity storage of integrated objects before change blindness. Vision Research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00402-9
DOI URL
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Davies, G., & Hine, S.. (2007). Change blindness and eyewitness testimony. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3200/JRLP.141.4.423-434
DOI URL
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Sela, L., & Sobel, N.. (2010). Human olfaction: A constant state of change-blindness. Experimental Brain Research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2348-6
DOI URL
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Henderson, J. M., & Hollingworth, A.. (2003). Global transsaccadic change blindness during scene perception. Psychological Science

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.02459
DOI URL
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Fernandez-Duque, D., & Thornton, I. M.. (2000). Change detection without awareness: Do explicit reports underestimate the representation of change in the visual system?. Visual Cognition

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/135062800394838
DOI URL
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Nelson, K. J., Laney, C., Fowler, N. B., Knowles, E. D., Davis, D., & Loftus, E. F.. (2011). Change blindness can cause mistaken eyewitness identification. Legal and Criminological Psychology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1348/135532509X482625
DOI URL
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Coup d’état

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A coup d’état also known simply as a coup, a putsch, golpe, or an overthrow, is an illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus.[1]

A 2003 review of the academic literature found that the following factors were associated with coups:

  • officers’ personal grievances
  • military organizational grievances
  • military popularity
  • military attitudinal cohesiveness
  • economic decline
  • domestic political crisis
  • contagion from other regional coups
  • external threat
  • participation in war
  • foreign veto power and military’s national security doctrine
  • officers’ political culture
  • noninclusive institutions
  • colonial legacy
  • economic development
  • undiversified exports
  • officers’ class composition
  • military size
  • strength of civil society
  • regime legitimacy and past coups.[18]

Professor Noam Chomsky

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Academic Freedom and the Corporatization of Universities

Hegemonny or Survival

Further References

Chomsky, N., & Macedo, D. P.. (2000). Noam Chomsky – On Miseducation. Chomsky on MisEducation

Plain numerical DOI: 10.2307/3089040
DOI URL
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Hauser, M. D., Chomsky, N., & Fitch, W. T.. (2010). The faculty of language: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?. In The Evolution of Human Language: Biolinguistic Perspectives

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511817755.002
DOI URL
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Chomsky, N.. (2011). Language and other cognitive systems. What is special about language?. Language Learning and Development

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/15475441.2011.584041
DOI URL
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Chomsky, N.. (1992). Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media. East

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1086/313443
DOI URL
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Chomsky, N.. (1970). Remarks on Nominalization. In Readings in English Tranformational Grammar

Plain numerical DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.010702
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Chomsky, N.. (2013). Problems of projection. Lingua

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2012.12.003
DOI URL
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Chomsky, N.. (2007). Of Minds and Language. Biolinguistics

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1177/0743558412464524
DOI URL
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Chomsky, N.. (2001). Hegemony or Survival. Business Week

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5128-10.2011
DOI URL
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Chomsky, N.. (2001). The New War Against Terror. Human Nature

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00152.x
DOI URL
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Bertrand Russel – The scientific outlook

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Publication date 1954
Publisher George Allen And Unwin Limited

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Skull & Bones society

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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull_and_Bones

Skull and Bones’s membership developed a reputation in association with the “power elite“.[10] Regarding the qualifications for membership, Lanny Davis wrote in the 1968 Yale yearbook:

If the society had a good year, this is what the “ideal” group will consist of: a football captain; a Chairman of the Yale Daily News; a conspicuous radical; a Whiffenpoof; a swimming captain; a notorious drunk with a 94 average; a film-maker; a political columnist; a religious group leader; a Chairman of the Lit; a foreigner; a ladies’ man with two motorcycles; an ex-service man; a negro, if there are enough to go around; a guy nobody else in the group had heard of, ever …

— Lanny Davis, quoted by Alexandra Robbins

Like other Yale senior societies, Skull and Bones membership was almost exclusively limited to white Protestant males for much of its history. While Yale itself had exclusionary policies directed at particular ethnic and religious groups, the senior societies were even more exclusionary.[11][12] While some Catholics were able to join such groups, Jews were more often not.[12] Some of these excluded groups eventually entered Skull and Bones by means of sports, through the society’s practice of tapping standout athletes. Star football players tapped for Skull and Bones included the first Jewish player (Al Hessberg, class of 1938) and African-American player (Levi Jackson, class of 1950, who turned down the invitation for the Berzelius Society).[11]

Yale became coeducational in 1969, prompting some other secret societies such as St. Anthony Hall to transition to co-ed membership, yet Skull and Bones remained fully male until 1992. The Bones class of 1971’s attempt to tap women for membership was opposed by Bones alumni, who dubbed them the “bad club” and quashed their attempt. “The issue”, as it came to be called by Bonesmen, was debated for decades.[13] The class of 1991 tapped seven female members for membership in the next year’s class, causing conflict with the alumni association.[14] The Trust changed the locks on the Tomb and the Bonesmen instead met in the Manuscript Society building.[14] A mail-in vote by members decided 368–320 to permit women in the society, but a group of alumni led by William F. Buckley obtained a temporary restraining order to block the move, arguing that a formal change in bylaws was needed.[14][15] Other alumni, such as John Kerry and R. Inslee Clark, Jr., spoke out in favor of admitting women. The dispute was highlighted on an editorial page of The New York Times.[14][16] A second alumni vote, in October 1991, agreed to accept the Class of 1992, and the lawsuit was dropped.[14][17]

Judith Ann Schiff, Chief Research Archivist at the Yale University Library, has written: “The names of its members weren’t kept secret‍—‌that was an innovation of the 1970s‍—‌but its meetings and practices were.”[18] While resourceful researchers could assemble member data from these original sources, in 1985, an anonymous source leaked rosters to Antony C. Sutton. This membership information was kept privately for over 15 years, as Sutton feared that the photocopied pages could somehow identify the member who leaked it. He wrote a book on the group, America’s Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull and Bones. The information was finally reformatted as an appendix in the book Fleshing out Skull and Bones, a compilation edited by Kris Millegan and published in 2003.

Among prominent alumni are former President and Chief Justice William Howard Taft (a founder’s son); former Presidents and father and son George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush; Chauncey Depew, president of the New York Central Railroad System, and a United States Senator from New York; Supreme Court Justices Morrison R. Waite and Potter Stewart;[19] James Jesus Angleton, “mother of the Central Intelligence Agency“; Henry Stimson, U.S. Secretary of War (1940-1945); Robert A. Lovett, U.S. Secretary of Defense (1951-1953); William B. Washburn, Governor of Massachusetts; and Henry Luce, founder and publisher of Time, Life, Fortune, and Sports Illustrated magazines.[citation needed]

John Kerry, former U.S. Secretary of State and former U.S. Senator; Stephen A. Schwarzman, founder of Blackstone Group; Austan Goolsbee,[20] Chairman of Barack Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers; Harold Stanley, co-founder of Morgan Stanley; and Frederick W. Smith, founder of FedEx, are all reported to be members.

In the 2004 U.S. Presidential election, both the Democratic and Republican nominees were alumni. George W. Bush wrote in his autobiography, “[In my] senior year I joined Skull and Bones, a secret society; so secret, I can’t say anything more.”[21] When asked what it meant that he and Bush were both Bonesmen, former Presidential candidate John Kerry said, “Not much, because it’s a secret.”[22][23]

The structure of power

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Vitali, S., Glattfelder, J. B., & Battiston, S.. (2011). The network of Global corporate control. PLoS ONE

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025995
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Heemskerk, E. M., & Takes, F. W.. (2016). The Corporate Elite Community Structure of Global Capitalism. New Political Economy

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2015.1041483
DOI URL
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