Dr. Tharoor delivers a lecture, entitled ‘Looking Back at the British Raj in India’, and discuses how the British empire ruthlessly has exploited and devastated India. He cogently argues that the British have to pay reparations to India.
Further References
Cohn, B. S.. (1996). Colonialism and its forms of knowledge : the British in India. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press
“A very interesting and important book. after reading it, we begin thinking about the colonial theater in a different way.this book analyses the interconnections between the empire and india and the indian’s influences to the rag. people who studies about these subjects must read this book.”
Smith, D. L.. (1999). English and the Discourses of Colonialism. Asian Englishes
“English and the discourses of colonialism opens with the british departure from hong kong marking the end of british colonialism. yet alastair pennycook argues that this dramatic exit masks the crucial issue that the traces left by colonialism run deep. this challenging and provocative book looks particularly at english, english language teaching, and colonialism. it reveals how the practice of colonialism permeated the cultures and discourses of both the colonial and colonized nations, the effects of which are still evident today. pennycook explores the extent to which english is, as commonly assumed, a language of neutrality and global communication, and to what extent it is, by contrast, a language laden with meanings and still weighed down with colonial discourses that have come to adhere to it. travel writing, newspaper articles and popular books on english, are all referred to, as well as personal experiences and interviews with learners of english in india, malaysia, china and australia. pennycook concludes by appealing to postcolonial writing, to create a politics of opposition and dislodge the discourses of colonialism from english.”
Bernhard, M., Reenock, C., & Nordstrom, T.. (2004). The legacy of western overseas colonialism on democratic survival. International Studies Quarterly
“Using an original dataset that covers the period from 1951 to 1995, we consider the enduring effects of western overseas colonialism on the democratic survival of postcolonial democracies. we treat colonialism as a holistic phenomenon and differentiate the relative effects of its legacies with regard to the level of economic development, social fragmentation, and the relationship between the state and civil society. we find that western overseas colonialism, a factor often overlooked in recent large-n studies, continues to have an effect on the survival of democratic regimes. we further find that the legacy of specific colonial powers has an important effect on survival as well. unlike previous studies, we find that former spanish colonies outperform british colonies when colonialism is conceptualized holistically. however, when we break colonial legacy into separate components (development, social fragmentation, and the relationship between the state and civil society), we find that the advantages former british colonies enjoy are attributable to the legacy of the state/civil society relationship. moreover, we show that at least in the case of former british colonies, time spent under colonial rule is positively associated with democratic survival.”
Author, B., & Gilmartin, D.. (1994). Scientific Empire and Imperial Science: Colonialism and Irrigation Technology in the Indus. Source: The Journal of Asian Studies
“DAVID gilmartin analyzes a conflict within the british colonial administration of india. it pitted those british responsible for the development of irrigation works in the punjab against other officials responsible for the regular administration of the same territory. the british engineers, who are represented by the ‘imperial science’ in gilmartin’s title, proposed a modern hydro-irrigation system based on the conception of dominating and controlling nature. the british administrators, who represent gilmartin’s ‘scientific empire,’ opposed these technocratic schemes based on their carefully collected, organized, and analyzed data about the local society. the administrators, unlike the technocrats, saw domination and control of the indian population as their main goal. gilmartin concludes that these differences were not settled in the late nineteenth or early twentieth centuries, even though the technocratic arguments became increasingly powerful. instead, he believes that postcolonial india has inherited these two ‘discourses’ as part of its heritage from the british raj.”
Arnold, D.. (1986). Cholera and colonialism in British India. Past and Present
