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Psychological Reactance

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Psychological Reactance is an unpleasant motivational arousal (reaction) to offers, persons, rules, or regulations that threaten or eliminate specific behavioral freedoms. Reactance occurs when a person feels that someone or something is taking away their choices or limiting the range of alternatives.

Psychological Reactance can occur when someone is heavily pressured to accept a certain view or attitude. Reactance can cause the person to adopt or strengthen a view or attitude that is contrary to what was intended, and also increases resistance to persuasion. People using reverse psychology are playing on reactance, attempting to influence someone to choose the opposite of what they request.

Further References

White, T. B., Zahay, D. L., Thorbjørnsen, H., & Shavitt, S.. (2008). Getting too personal: Reactance to highly personalized email solicitations. Marketing Letters, 19(1), 39–50.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s11002-007-9027-9
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Pavey, L., & Sparks, P.. (2009). Reactance, autonomy and paths to persuasion: Examining perceptions of threats to freedom and informational value. Motivation and Emotion, 33(3), 277–290.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s11031-009-9137-1
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Fogarty, J. S.. (1997). Reactance theory and patient noncompliance. Social Science & Medicine, 45(8), 1277–1288.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)00055-5
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Beutler, L. E., Harwood, T. M., Michelson, A., Song, X., & Holman, J.. (2011). Resistance/Reactance Level. Journal of Clinical Psychology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20753
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Crawford, M. T., McConnell, A. R., Lewis, A. C., & Sherman, S. J.. (2002). Reactance, compliance, and anticipated regret. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1006/jesp.2001.1481
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Miron, A. M., & Brehm, J. W.. (2006). Reactance Theory – 40 Years Later. Zeitschrift Für Sozialpsychologie, 37(1), 9–18.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1024/0044-3514.37.1.9
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Rains, S. A.. (2013). The Nature of Psychological Reactance Revisited: A Meta-Analytic Review. Human Communication Research, 39(1), 47–73.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2012.01443.x
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Clee, M. A., & Wicklund, R. A.. (2002). Consumer Behavior and Psychological Reactance. Journal of Consumer Research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1086/208782
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Dillard, J. P., & Shen, L.. (2005). On the Nature of Reactance and its Role in Persuasive Health Communication. Communication Monographs, 72(2), 144–168.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/03637750500111815
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Torrance, E. P., & Brehm, J. W.. (1968). A Theory of Psychological Reactance. The American Journal of Psychology, 81(1), 133.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.2307/1420824
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