Psychological Reactance

Psychological Reactance is an unpleasant motivational arousal (reaction) to offers, persons, rules, or regulations that threaten or eliminate specific behavioral freedoms. Reactance occurs when a person feels that someone or something is taking away their choices or limiting the range of alternatives.

Psychological Reactance can occur when someone is heavily pressured to accept a certain view or attitude. Reactance can cause the person to adopt or strengthen a view or attitude that is contrary to what was intended, and also increases resistance to persuasion. People using reverse psychology are playing on reactance, attempting to influence someone to choose the opposite of what they request.

Further References

White, T. B., Zahay, D. L., Thorbjørnsen, H., & Shavitt, S.. (2008). Getting too personal: Reactance to highly personalized email solicitations. Marketing Letters, 19(1), 39–50.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s11002-007-9027-9
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Pavey, L., & Sparks, P.. (2009). Reactance, autonomy and paths to persuasion: Examining perceptions of threats to freedom and informational value. Motivation and Emotion, 33(3), 277–290.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s11031-009-9137-1
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Fogarty, J. S.. (1997). Reactance theory and patient noncompliance. Social Science & Medicine, 45(8), 1277–1288.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)00055-5
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Beutler, L. E., Harwood, T. M., Michelson, A., Song, X., & Holman, J.. (2011). Resistance/Reactance Level. Journal of Clinical Psychology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20753
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Crawford, M. T., McConnell, A. R., Lewis, A. C., & Sherman, S. J.. (2002). Reactance, compliance, and anticipated regret. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1006/jesp.2001.1481
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Miron, A. M., & Brehm, J. W.. (2006). Reactance Theory – 40 Years Later. Zeitschrift Für Sozialpsychologie, 37(1), 9–18.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1024/0044-3514.37.1.9
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Rains, S. A.. (2013). The Nature of Psychological Reactance Revisited: A Meta-Analytic Review. Human Communication Research, 39(1), 47–73.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2012.01443.x
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Clee, M. A., & Wicklund, R. A.. (2002). Consumer Behavior and Psychological Reactance. Journal of Consumer Research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1086/208782
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Dillard, J. P., & Shen, L.. (2005). On the Nature of Reactance and its Role in Persuasive Health Communication. Communication Monographs, 72(2), 144–168.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/03637750500111815
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Torrance, E. P., & Brehm, J. W.. (1968). A Theory of Psychological Reactance. The American Journal of Psychology, 81(1), 133.

Plain numerical DOI: 10.2307/1420824
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Elaboration likelihood model

The elaboration likelihood model (acronymised as ELM) of persuasion is a dual process theory describing the change of attitudes. The ELM was developed by Richard E. Petty and John Cacioppo in 1986. The model aims to explain different ways of processing stimuli, why they are used, and their outcomes on attitude change. The ELM proposes two major routes to persuasion: the central route and the peripheral route.
File:Elm-diagram.jpg
Remark: An argumentum ab inconvenienti is one based on the difficulties involved in pursuing a line of reasoning, and is thus a form of appeal to consequences.


URL: www.psy.ohio-state.edu/petty/documents/1986ADVANCESsPettyCacioppo.pdf



References

Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T.. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60214-2
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O’Keefe, D. J.. (2013). Elaboration Likelihood Model. In The International Encyclopedia of Communication

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1002/9781405186407.wbiece011.pub2
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Petty, R. E., & Bri??ol, P.. (2012). The elaboration likelihood model. In Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology: Volume 1

Plain numerical DOI: 10.4135/9781446249215.n12
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Petty, R. E., & Wegener, D. T.. (1999). The Elaboration Likelihood Model: Current status and controversies. Dual Process Theories in Social Psychology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/S0022-4405(97)00003-4
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Kitchen, P. J., Kerr, G., Schultz, D. E., McColl, R., & Pals, H.. (2014). The elaboration likelihood model: Review, critique and research agenda. European Journal of Marketing

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1108/EJM-12-2011-0776
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Tam, K. Y., & Ho, S. Y.. (2005). Web personalization as a persuasion strategy: An elaboration likelihood model perspective. Information Systems Research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1287/isre.1050.0058
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Bhattacherjee, & Sanford. (2006). Influence Processes for Information Technology Acceptance: An Elaboration Likelihood Model. MIS Quarterly

Plain numerical DOI: 10.2307/25148755
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Sher, P. J., & Lee, S.-H.. (2009). Consumer skepticism and online reviews: An Elaboration Likelihood Model perspective. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal

Plain numerical DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2009.37.1.137
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Cho, C. H.. (1999). How advertising works on the WWW: Modified elaboration likelihood model. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/10641734.1999.10505087
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Allison, T. H., Davis, B. C., Webb, J. W., & Short, J. C.. (2017). Persuasion in crowdfunding: An elaboration likelihood model of crowdfunding performance. Journal of Business Venturing

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.09.002
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Lien, N.-H.. (2001). Elaboration Likelihood Model in consumer research: A review. Proceedings of the National Science Council
Angst, & Agarwal. (2009). Adoption of Electronic Health Records in the Presence of Privacy Concerns: The Elaboration Likelihood Model and Individual Persuasion. MIS Quarterly

Plain numerical DOI: 10.2307/20650295
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Frewer, L. J., Howard, C., Hedderley, D., & Shepherd, R.. (1997). The elaboration likelihood model and communication about food risks. Risk Analysis

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb01281.x
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Yang, S. F.. (2015). An eye-tracking study of the Elaboration Likelihood Model in online shopping. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.elerap.2014.11.007
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Petty, R. E., Brinol, P., & Priester, J. R.. (2002). Mass media attitude change: Implications of the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. ‏. In Media effects: Advances in theory and research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.127
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Morris, J. D., Woo, C., & Singh, A. J.. (2005). Elaboration likelihood model: A missing intrinsic emotional implication. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.jt.5740171
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Bitner, M. J., & Obermiller, C.. (1985). THE ELABORATION LIKELIHOOD MODEL: LIMITATIONS AND EXTENSIONS IN MARKETING. Advances in Consumer Research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
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Douglas, S. C., Kiewitz, C., Martinko, M. I., Harvey, P., Younhee, K. I. M., & Jae, U. C.. (2008). Cognitions, emotions, and evaluations: An elaboration likelihood model for workplace aggression. Academy of Management Review

Plain numerical DOI: 10.5465/AMR.2008.31193490
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Zhou, T.. (2017). Understanding location-based services users’ privacy concern: An elaboration likelihood model perspective. Internet Research

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1108/IntR-04-2016-0088
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Fan, Y., & Miao, Y.. (2012). Effect of Electronic Word-of-Mouth on Consumer Purchase Intention : The Perspective of Gender Differences. International Journal of Electronic Business Management
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Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s10869-004-2231-1
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Gregory, C. K., Meade, A. W., & Thompson, L. F.. (2013). Understanding internet recruitment via signaling theory and the elaboration likelihood model. Computers in Human Behavior

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.013
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White, P. H., & Harkins, S. G.. (1994). Race of Source Effects in the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.5.790
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Fallis, A. .. (2013). THE ROLE OF ARGUMENT QUALITY IN THE ELABORATION LIKELIHOOD MODEL. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
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Zhou, T.. (2012). Understanding users’ initial trust in mobile banking: An elaboration likelihood perspective. Computers in Human Behavior

Plain numerical DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.021
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